{ "skill_name": "cryptocurrency-trader", "skill_path": "/workspace/skills/clawhub-cryptocurrency-trader-skill", "skill_directory": "/workspace/skills/clawhub-cryptocurrency-trader-skill", "is_safe": false, "max_severity": "CRITICAL", "findings_count": 5, "findings": [ { "id": "llm_finding_cryptocurrency-trader_0", "rule_id": "LLM_DATA_EXFILTRATION", "category": "data_exfiltration", "severity": "CRITICAL", "title": "Unrestricted Network Access to External Cryptocurrency Exchanges", "description": "The skill makes unrestricted network calls to external cryptocurrency exchanges (Binance, Coinbase, Kraken, Bybit) without user consent or disclosure. The SKILL.md does not mention network usage in the description or compatibility fields, and no allowed-tools restrictions prevent this. Scripts use ccxt library to connect to exchanges and fetch real-time market data, creating data exfiltration risk and external dependency on untrusted third-party services.", "file_path": "scripts/trading_agent.py", "line_number": null, "snippet": "self.exchange = getattr(ccxt, exchange_name)({'enableRateLimit': True, 'options': {'defaultType': 'spot'}}) - Establishes live connections to cryptocurrency exchanges without user awareness", "remediation": "1. Add explicit network usage disclosure to SKILL.md description and compatibility fields. 2. Require user consent before making network calls. 3. Add allowed-tools restriction if network access should be limited. 4. Implement network call logging and rate limiting. 5. Validate exchange responses to prevent malicious data injection.", "analyzer": "llm", "metadata": { "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "overall_assessment": "This cryptocurrency trading skill presents CRITICAL and HIGH security risks primarily related to unrestricted network access, lack of input validation, and missing security controls. The skill makes live connections to external cryptocurrency exchanges without disclosure, accepts unvalidated user input that could enable injection attacks, and lacks proper resource limits. The missing allowed-tools field means the agent has unrestricted Python execution capabilities. While the skill's trading logic appears mathematically sound, the security architecture requires significant hardening before production use. The skill should add explicit network usage disclosure, implement strict input validation, add allowed-tools restrictions, and implement proper resource limits and timeout protection.", "primary_threats": [ "Data Exfiltration / Exposure (unrestricted network access to exchanges)", "Command Injection (unvalidated symbol input)", "Tool Exploitation (missing allowed-tools restrictions)", "Availability Disruption (unbounded resource consumption)", "Social Engineering (misleading description about network usage)" ], "aitech": "AITech-8.2", "aitech_name": "Data Exfiltration / Exposure", "aisubtech": "AISubtech-8.2.3", "aisubtech_name": "Data Exfiltration via Agent Tooling", "scanner_category": "SECURITY VIOLATION", "meta_validated": true, "meta_confidence": "HIGH", "meta_confidence_reason": "Verified in actual code - MarketDataProvider uses ccxt to connect to exchanges. SKILL.md manifest confirms 'compatibility: Not specified' and missing allowed-tools field. This is legitimate functionality but lacks transparency.", "meta_exploitability": "Low - Requires user to invoke skill, but network access is undisclosed", "meta_impact": "Medium - Users unaware of external data transmission, potential privacy concern" } }, { "id": "llm_finding_cryptocurrency-trader_1", "rule_id": "LLM_COMMAND_INJECTION", "category": "command_injection", "severity": "HIGH", "title": "Command Injection Risk via Unvalidated Symbol Input", "description": "User-provided trading pair symbols (e.g., 'BTC/USDT') are passed directly to exchange API calls and file operations without validation or sanitization. An attacker could inject malicious payloads through symbol parameters that could lead to command injection, path traversal, or API abuse. The skill accepts arbitrary symbol strings from command-line arguments and passes them to ccxt exchange methods.", "file_path": "skill.py", "line_number": null, "snippet": "symbol = args.symbol (from command line) -> agent.comprehensive_analysis(symbol) -> exchange.fetch_ohlcv(symbol, ...) - No input validation or sanitization", "remediation": "1. Implement strict symbol validation using whitelist of valid trading pairs. 2. Sanitize symbol input to remove special characters. 3. Use parameterized queries for all external API calls. 4. Add input length limits and format validation (e.g., regex: ^[A-Z]{2,10}/[A-Z]{2,10}$). 5. Log all symbol inputs for audit trail.", "analyzer": "llm", "metadata": { "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "overall_assessment": "This cryptocurrency trading skill presents CRITICAL and HIGH security risks primarily related to unrestricted network access, lack of input validation, and missing security controls. The skill makes live connections to external cryptocurrency exchanges without disclosure, accepts unvalidated user input that could enable injection attacks, and lacks proper resource limits. The missing allowed-tools field means the agent has unrestricted Python execution capabilities. While the skill's trading logic appears mathematically sound, the security architecture requires significant hardening before production use. The skill should add explicit network usage disclosure, implement strict input validation, add allowed-tools restrictions, and implement proper resource limits and timeout protection.", "primary_threats": [ "Data Exfiltration / Exposure (unrestricted network access to exchanges)", "Command Injection (unvalidated symbol input)", "Tool Exploitation (missing allowed-tools restrictions)", "Availability Disruption (unbounded resource consumption)", "Social Engineering (misleading description about network usage)" ], "aitech": "AITech-9.1", "aitech_name": "Model or Agentic System Manipulation", "aisubtech": "AISubtech-9.1.4", "aisubtech_name": "Injection Attacks (SQL, Command Execution, XSS)", "scanner_category": "INJECTION ATTACK", "meta_validated": true, "meta_confidence": "MEDIUM", "meta_confidence_reason": "Code shows symbol passed directly to ccxt, but ccxt library has internal validation. Risk is moderate - could cause errors but not direct code execution.", "meta_exploitability": "Low - ccxt library validates exchange symbols, limiting injection vectors", "meta_impact": "Low - Could cause API errors or unexpected behavior, but not code execution" } }, { "id": "llm_finding_cryptocurrency-trader_3", "rule_id": "LLM_RESOURCE_ABUSE", "category": "resource_abuse", "severity": "HIGH", "title": "Unbounded Resource Consumption in Market Scanning", "description": "The market scanner iterates through multiple cryptocurrency categories and symbols without rate limiting or resource bounds. The scan function can analyze 30+ symbols with multiple timeframes (15m, 1h, 4h) each, making hundreds of API calls. No timeout limits, no maximum scan duration, and minimal rate limiting (0.5s delay) could lead to resource exhaustion, API rate limit violations, or denial of service.", "file_path": "scripts/market/scanner.py", "line_number": null, "snippet": "for category in categories: for symbol in symbols: analysis = agent.comprehensive_analysis(symbol) - Nested loops with minimal rate limiting, no timeout, no maximum iterations", "remediation": "1. Implement maximum scan duration timeout (e.g., 5 minutes). 2. Add configurable maximum symbols per scan. 3. Implement exponential backoff for rate limiting. 4. Add circuit breakers for API failures. 5. Cache results to reduce redundant API calls. 6. Add progress indicators and cancellation support.", "analyzer": "llm", "metadata": { "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "overall_assessment": "This cryptocurrency trading skill presents CRITICAL and HIGH security risks primarily related to unrestricted network access, lack of input validation, and missing security controls. The skill makes live connections to external cryptocurrency exchanges without disclosure, accepts unvalidated user input that could enable injection attacks, and lacks proper resource limits. The missing allowed-tools field means the agent has unrestricted Python execution capabilities. While the skill's trading logic appears mathematically sound, the security architecture requires significant hardening before production use. The skill should add explicit network usage disclosure, implement strict input validation, add allowed-tools restrictions, and implement proper resource limits and timeout protection.", "primary_threats": [ "Data Exfiltration / Exposure (unrestricted network access to exchanges)", "Command Injection (unvalidated symbol input)", "Tool Exploitation (missing allowed-tools restrictions)", "Availability Disruption (unbounded resource consumption)", "Social Engineering (misleading description about network usage)" ], "aitech": "AITech-13.3", "aitech_name": "Availability Disruption", "aisubtech": "AISubtech-13.3.2", "aisubtech_name": "Compute Exhaustion", "scanner_category": "RESOURCE ABUSE", "meta_validated": true, "meta_confidence": "HIGH", "meta_confidence_reason": "Verified in scanner.py - nested loops with minimal rate limiting. No timeout or maximum iteration count.", "meta_exploitability": "Medium - User can trigger via 'scan' command, but requires intentional invocation", "meta_impact": "Medium - Could cause API rate limit violations, excessive resource usage" } }, { "id": "llm_finding_cryptocurrency-trader_4", "rule_id": "LLM_UNAUTHORIZED_TOOL_USE", "category": "unauthorized_tool_use", "severity": "HIGH", "title": "Unrestricted Python Code Execution Without Tool Restrictions", "description": "The skill executes arbitrary Python code through multiple script files without any allowed-tools restrictions in SKILL.md. The YAML manifest does not specify allowed-tools, meaning the agent has unrestricted access to Python, Bash, file system operations, and network calls. This violates the principle of least privilege and creates significant attack surface.", "file_path": "SKILL.md", "line_number": null, "snippet": "YAML frontmatter missing 'allowed-tools' field - No restrictions on Python execution, file access, or network calls", "remediation": "1. Add allowed-tools field to SKILL.md YAML frontmatter specifying minimum required tools (e.g., ['Python', 'Read']). 2. Document why each tool is needed. 3. Remove unnecessary file write operations if possible. 4. Implement principle of least privilege. 5. Add runtime permission checks before sensitive operations.", "analyzer": "llm", "metadata": { "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "overall_assessment": "This cryptocurrency trading skill presents CRITICAL and HIGH security risks primarily related to unrestricted network access, lack of input validation, and missing security controls. The skill makes live connections to external cryptocurrency exchanges without disclosure, accepts unvalidated user input that could enable injection attacks, and lacks proper resource limits. The missing allowed-tools field means the agent has unrestricted Python execution capabilities. While the skill's trading logic appears mathematically sound, the security architecture requires significant hardening before production use. The skill should add explicit network usage disclosure, implement strict input validation, add allowed-tools restrictions, and implement proper resource limits and timeout protection.", "primary_threats": [ "Data Exfiltration / Exposure (unrestricted network access to exchanges)", "Command Injection (unvalidated symbol input)", "Tool Exploitation (missing allowed-tools restrictions)", "Availability Disruption (unbounded resource consumption)", "Social Engineering (misleading description about network usage)" ], "aitech": "AITech-12.1", "aitech_name": "Tool Exploitation", "aisubtech": "AISubtech-12.1.2", "aisubtech_name": "Tool Poisoning", "scanner_category": "SUSPICIOUS CODE EXECUTION", "meta_validated": true, "meta_confidence": "HIGH", "meta_confidence_reason": "Verified in SKILL.md - allowed-tools field is missing. This is a policy violation but not an active exploit.", "meta_exploitability": "Low - Requires agent to be compromised or skill to be modified", "meta_impact": "Medium - Excessive permissions increase attack surface if skill is compromised" } }, { "id": "llm_finding_cryptocurrency-trader_5", "rule_id": "LLM_SOCIAL_ENGINEERING", "category": "social_engineering", "severity": "MEDIUM", "title": "Misleading Skill Description - Network Usage Not Disclosed", "description": "The skill description claims 'production-grade AI trading agent' but does not disclose that it makes live network calls to external cryptocurrency exchanges. The compatibility field is 'Not specified' and does not mention network requirements. Users may not realize the skill connects to external services, fetches real-time market data, and depends on third-party exchange APIs.", "file_path": "SKILL.md", "line_number": null, "snippet": "description: 'Production-grade AI trading agent...' - No mention of network usage, external dependencies, or exchange connections. compatibility: Not specified", "remediation": "1. Update description to explicitly mention network usage: 'Connects to cryptocurrency exchanges (Binance, Coinbase, Kraken) for real-time market data'. 2. Add compatibility field: 'Requires internet connection and access to cryptocurrency exchange APIs'. 3. Document external dependencies in prerequisites. 4. Add privacy notice about data sent to exchanges.", "analyzer": "llm", "metadata": { "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "overall_assessment": "This cryptocurrency trading skill presents CRITICAL and HIGH security risks primarily related to unrestricted network access, lack of input validation, and missing security controls. The skill makes live connections to external cryptocurrency exchanges without disclosure, accepts unvalidated user input that could enable injection attacks, and lacks proper resource limits. The missing allowed-tools field means the agent has unrestricted Python execution capabilities. While the skill's trading logic appears mathematically sound, the security architecture requires significant hardening before production use. The skill should add explicit network usage disclosure, implement strict input validation, add allowed-tools restrictions, and implement proper resource limits and timeout protection.", "primary_threats": [ "Data Exfiltration / Exposure (unrestricted network access to exchanges)", "Command Injection (unvalidated symbol input)", "Tool Exploitation (missing allowed-tools restrictions)", "Availability Disruption (unbounded resource consumption)", "Social Engineering (misleading description about network usage)" ], "aitech": "AITech-2.1", "aitech_name": "Social Engineering", "aisubtech": null, "aisubtech_name": null, "scanner_category": "SOCIAL ENGINEERING", "meta_validated": true, "meta_confidence": "HIGH", "meta_confidence_reason": "Verified in SKILL.md - description lacks network disclosure. This is a documentation issue, not malicious intent.", "meta_exploitability": "N/A - Documentation issue, not exploitable", "meta_impact": "Low - Users may be surprised by network usage, but no data is exfiltrated maliciously" } } ], "scan_duration_seconds": 64.49389553070068, "duration_ms": 64493, "analyzers_used": [ "static_analyzer", "behavioral_analyzer", "llm_analyzer", "trigger_analyzer", "meta_analyzer" ], "timestamp": "2026-02-05T23:40:54.189316" }