{
  "skill_name": "redis",
  "skill_path": "/workspace/skills/clawhub-redis",
  "skill_directory": "/workspace/skills/clawhub-redis",
  "is_safe": true,
  "max_severity": "MEDIUM",
  "findings_count": 4,
  "findings": [
    {
      "id": "llm_finding_redis_0",
      "rule_id": "LLM_DATA_EXFILTRATION",
      "category": "data_exfiltration",
      "severity": "MEDIUM",
      "title": "Hardcoded Redis Connection Without Authentication",
      "description": "The skill uses a hardcoded REDIS_URL environment variable (redis://localhost:6379) without any authentication mechanism. This exposes the Redis instance to unauthorized access if the environment variable is set. Redis databases often contain sensitive cached data, session information, or application state that could be accessed or manipulated by malicious actors.",
      "file_path": "SKILL.md",
      "line_number": 9,
      "snippet": "export REDIS_URL=\"redis://localhost:6379\"",
      "remediation": "1. Document the need for authentication in Redis connection strings (redis://username:password@host:port)\n2. Add warnings about securing Redis instances\n3. Recommend using Redis ACLs or requirepass configuration\n4. Suggest using TLS connections (rediss://) for production environments\n5. Add validation to check for authenticated connections before executing commands",
      "analyzer": "llm",
      "metadata": {
        "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
        "overall_assessment": "The Redis skill presents MEDIUM security risks primarily related to command injection vulnerabilities, lack of authentication mechanisms, and dangerous Redis operations without safeguards. The skill demonstrates direct shell execution of redis-cli commands with user-provided input, which creates command injection opportunities. The use of blocking KEYS commands and destructive FLUSHDB operations without confirmation mechanisms poses availability and data integrity risks. The hardcoded connection string lacks authentication, exposing Redis instances to unauthorized access. While the skill provides useful Redis management functionality, it requires significant security hardening including input validation, authentication enforcement, command safeguards, and comprehensive security documentation before production use.",
        "primary_threats": [
          "Command Injection",
          "Lack of Authentication",
          "Availability Disruption (KEYS command)",
          "Data Loss Risk (Flush operations)",
          "Missing Input Validation"
        ],
        "aitech": "AITech-8.2",
        "aitech_name": "Data Exfiltration / Exposure",
        "aisubtech": "AISubtech-8.2.3",
        "aisubtech_name": "Data Exfiltration via Agent Tooling",
        "scanner_category": "SECURITY VIOLATION",
        "meta_validated": true,
        "meta_confidence": "MEDIUM",
        "meta_confidence_reason": "The example itself is not malicious - it's a standard localhost connection. However, lack of security guidance could lead to insecure deployments.",
        "meta_exploitability": "Low - Requires user to deploy without authentication, but the example doesn't actively encourage this",
        "meta_impact": "Medium - If deployed without auth, could expose Redis data to unauthorized access"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "llm_finding_redis_1",
      "rule_id": "LLM_COMMAND_INJECTION",
      "category": "command_injection",
      "severity": "MEDIUM",
      "title": "Command Injection Risk via Unvalidated redis-cli Commands",
      "description": "The skill documentation shows direct redis-cli command execution with user-provided patterns and values without any input validation or sanitization. The examples show KEYS pattern matching and SET operations that could be exploited for command injection if user input is passed directly to redis-cli without proper escaping. An attacker could inject additional Redis commands or shell metacharacters.",
      "file_path": "SKILL.md",
      "line_number": null,
      "snippet": "redis-cli GET key\nredis-cli SET key value EX 3600\nredis-cli KEYS \"pattern*\"",
      "remediation": "1. Implement input validation and sanitization for all user-provided values\n2. Use parameterized Redis commands or client libraries instead of shell execution\n3. Escape special characters in patterns and values\n4. Validate key names against allowed patterns\n5. Use allowlists for permitted Redis commands\n6. Consider using a Redis client library (Python redis-py) instead of shell commands",
      "analyzer": "llm",
      "metadata": {
        "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
        "overall_assessment": "The Redis skill presents MEDIUM security risks primarily related to command injection vulnerabilities, lack of authentication mechanisms, and dangerous Redis operations without safeguards. The skill demonstrates direct shell execution of redis-cli commands with user-provided input, which creates command injection opportunities. The use of blocking KEYS commands and destructive FLUSHDB operations without confirmation mechanisms poses availability and data integrity risks. The hardcoded connection string lacks authentication, exposing Redis instances to unauthorized access. While the skill provides useful Redis management functionality, it requires significant security hardening including input validation, authentication enforcement, command safeguards, and comprehensive security documentation before production use.",
        "primary_threats": [
          "Command Injection",
          "Lack of Authentication",
          "Availability Disruption (KEYS command)",
          "Data Loss Risk (Flush operations)",
          "Missing Input Validation"
        ],
        "aitech": "AITech-9.1",
        "aitech_name": "Model or Agentic System Manipulation",
        "aisubtech": "AISubtech-9.1.4",
        "aisubtech_name": "Injection Attacks (SQL, Command Execution, XSS)",
        "scanner_category": "INJECTION ATTACK",
        "meta_validated": true,
        "meta_confidence": "HIGH",
        "meta_confidence_reason": "The skill explicitly shows command patterns that would be vulnerable if implemented without input validation. While the skill itself is just documentation, it provides no security guidance for agents implementing these commands, creating a clear injection risk.",
        "meta_exploitability": "Medium - Requires agent to execute commands with unsanitized user input, but the documented patterns make this likely",
        "meta_impact": "High - Could allow arbitrary Redis command execution, data manipulation, or shell command injection depending on implementation"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "llm_finding_redis_2",
      "rule_id": "LLM_RESOURCE_ABUSE",
      "category": "resource_abuse",
      "severity": "MEDIUM",
      "title": "Dangerous KEYS Command Can Cause Performance Degradation",
      "description": "The skill demonstrates use of the KEYS command (redis-cli KEYS \"pattern*\") which is known to block Redis and cause severe performance issues on production databases with large keyspaces. The KEYS command is O(N) and blocks the server while iterating through all keys, potentially causing denial of service in production environments.",
      "file_path": "SKILL.md",
      "line_number": 32,
      "snippet": "redis-cli KEYS \"pattern*\"",
      "remediation": "1. Replace KEYS command with SCAN for production use\n2. Add prominent warnings about KEYS performance implications\n3. Document SCAN as the recommended alternative: redis-cli SCAN 0 MATCH pattern*\n4. Implement cursor-based iteration for large keyspaces\n5. Add safeguards to prevent KEYS usage on production databases",
      "analyzer": "llm",
      "metadata": {
        "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
        "overall_assessment": "The Redis skill presents MEDIUM security risks primarily related to command injection vulnerabilities, lack of authentication mechanisms, and dangerous Redis operations without safeguards. The skill demonstrates direct shell execution of redis-cli commands with user-provided input, which creates command injection opportunities. The use of blocking KEYS commands and destructive FLUSHDB operations without confirmation mechanisms poses availability and data integrity risks. The hardcoded connection string lacks authentication, exposing Redis instances to unauthorized access. While the skill provides useful Redis management functionality, it requires significant security hardening including input validation, authentication enforcement, command safeguards, and comprehensive security documentation before production use.",
        "primary_threats": [
          "Command Injection",
          "Lack of Authentication",
          "Availability Disruption (KEYS command)",
          "Data Loss Risk (Flush operations)",
          "Missing Input Validation"
        ],
        "aitech": "AITech-13.3",
        "aitech_name": "Availability Disruption",
        "aisubtech": "AISubtech-13.3.2",
        "aisubtech_name": "Compute Exhaustion",
        "scanner_category": "RESOURCE ABUSE",
        "meta_validated": true,
        "meta_confidence": "HIGH",
        "meta_confidence_reason": "This is a well-documented Redis anti-pattern. The KEYS command is explicitly discouraged in Redis documentation for production use due to its blocking nature.",
        "meta_exploitability": "Easy - Any agent following the documented pattern will use KEYS command",
        "meta_impact": "Medium - Can cause service degradation or temporary unavailability, but doesn't compromise data integrity"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "llm_finding_redis_3",
      "rule_id": "LLM_RESOURCE_ABUSE",
      "category": "resource_abuse",
      "severity": "MEDIUM",
      "title": "FLUSHDB/FLUSHALL Risk Without Confirmation",
      "description": "The skill mentions 'Flush cache' functionality which typically involves FLUSHDB or FLUSHALL commands that delete all data in the Redis database. These are destructive operations that could cause data loss and service disruption if executed accidentally or maliciously. No confirmation mechanism or safeguards are documented.",
      "file_path": "SKILL.md",
      "line_number": 25,
      "snippet": "\"Flush cache\"",
      "remediation": "1. Require explicit user confirmation before executing flush commands\n2. Add warnings about data loss implications\n3. Implement backup recommendations before flush operations\n4. Consider restricting flush operations to non-production environments\n5. Log all destructive operations for audit purposes\n6. Add --dry-run mode to preview affected keys",
      "analyzer": "llm",
      "metadata": {
        "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
        "overall_assessment": "The Redis skill presents MEDIUM security risks primarily related to command injection vulnerabilities, lack of authentication mechanisms, and dangerous Redis operations without safeguards. The skill demonstrates direct shell execution of redis-cli commands with user-provided input, which creates command injection opportunities. The use of blocking KEYS commands and destructive FLUSHDB operations without confirmation mechanisms poses availability and data integrity risks. The hardcoded connection string lacks authentication, exposing Redis instances to unauthorized access. While the skill provides useful Redis management functionality, it requires significant security hardening including input validation, authentication enforcement, command safeguards, and comprehensive security documentation before production use.",
        "primary_threats": [
          "Command Injection",
          "Lack of Authentication",
          "Availability Disruption (KEYS command)",
          "Data Loss Risk (Flush operations)",
          "Missing Input Validation"
        ],
        "aitech": "AITech-13.3",
        "aitech_name": "Availability Disruption",
        "aisubtech": "AISubtech-13.3.2",
        "aisubtech_name": "Compute Exhaustion",
        "scanner_category": "RESOURCE ABUSE",
        "meta_validated": true,
        "meta_confidence": "HIGH",
        "meta_confidence_reason": "FLUSH commands are inherently destructive and the skill provides no guidance on safe usage or confirmation requirements.",
        "meta_exploitability": "Medium - Requires user to request flush operation, but lack of safeguards makes accidental execution likely",
        "meta_impact": "High - Complete data loss in Redis database, potential service disruption"
      }
    }
  ],
  "scan_duration_seconds": 32.597196102142334,
  "duration_ms": 32597,
  "analyzers_used": [
    "static_analyzer",
    "llm_analyzer",
    "meta_analyzer"
  ],
  "timestamp": "2026-02-07T19:52:14.106871"
}