Unauthorized Tool Use
The skill directs the agent to use tools, files, network access, or permissions beyond what its stated purpose requires, such as a formatting skill that reads SSH keys or a documentation skill that opens network connections.
By severity
- HIGH 37
- MEDIUM 106
- LOW 59
By registry
| Registry | Findings | Skills affected |
|---|---|---|
| clawhub.ai | 101 | 93 |
| K-Dense-AI | 35 | 22 |
| heygen-com | 18 | 7 |
| microsoft | 11 | 9 |
| huggingface | 10 | 4 |
| skills.sh | 8 | 8 |
| leonxlnx | 3 | 1 |
| 101-skills | 2 | 1 |
| magentosh | 2 | 1 |
| qu-skills | 2 | 1 |
| hoodini | 1 | 1 |
| moltbook.com | 1 | 1 |
| juliusbrussee | 1 | 1 |
| trailofbits | 1 | 1 |
| sawyerhood | 1 | 1 |
| stripe | 1 | 1 |
| zxkane | 1 | 1 |
| anthropic | 1 | 1 |
| lackeyjb | 1 | 1 |
| mattpocock | 1 | 1 |
How it shows up in a skill
Real findings from the corpus. Each links to the skill's full report.
zoho-email clawhub.ai
HIGH Unrestricted Tool Usage - Missing allowed-tools Declaration Unauthorized Tool Usellm
The skill does not declare 'allowed-tools' in its YAML manifest, meaning it can use any agent tool without restriction. The skill executes Python scripts that perform network operations, file I/O, and email operations. Users cannot verify what tools the skill will use before installation.
SKILL.md
YAML manifest shows: allowed-tools: Not specified. Python scripts perform network requests, file operations, and execute external commands.update-plus clawhub.ai
HIGH SYSTEM MANIPULATION detected by YARA Unauthorized Tool Usestatic
Detects system manipulation, privilege escalation, and destructive file operations: find "${BACKUP_DIR}" -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete
bin/lib/cron.sh:76
find "${BACKUP_DIR}" -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete 2>/dev/nullbase-trader clawhub.ai
HIGH External Tool Dependency Without Verification Unauthorized Tool Usellm
The skill depends entirely on an external 'bankr' tool located at ~/clawd/skills/bankr/scripts/bankr.sh with no verification of its integrity, authenticity, or behavior. All trading commands are passed directly to this external script, creating a tool poisoning risk where a compromised or malicious bankr tool could execute arbitrary actions.
scripts/check-portfolio.sh
BANKR_SCRIPT="$HOME/clawd/skills/bankr/scripts/bankr.sh"
if [ ! -f "$BANKR_SCRIPT" ]; thencapability-evolver clawhub.ai
HIGH Tool Exploitation: Unauthorized Self-Modification and Memory Manipulation Unauthorized Tool Usellm
The skill is designed to 'autonomously write new code or update their own memory to improve performance' and 'scans memory and history files.' This represents tool exploitation where the skill manipulates the agent's core functionality, memory systems, and potentially other skills without proper authorization boundaries. The skill can modify its own behavior and that of other system components.
SKILL.md
'allows OpenClaw agents to inspect their own runtime history, identify failures or inefficiencies, and autonomously write new code or update their own memory' 'Auto-Log Analysis: Automatically scans memory and history files' 'Self-Repair: Detects crashes and suggests patches'How to check your own skill for this
Compare the frontmatter description against the actions in the body. Every tool, path, and network destination should be explainable by the description.
Affected skills
| Name | Registry | Verdict | SkillSpector | Findings | Critical | High | Medium | Low |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| media-use | heygen-com | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 116 | 52 | 0 | 22 | 22 |
| zoho-email | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 53 | 18 | 3 | 32 | 0 |
| design-taste-frontend | leonxlnx | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 39 | 30 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
| microsoft-foundry | microsoft | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 29 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 1 |
| qa-test-planner | skills.sh | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 57 | 22 | 14 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
| hyperframes | heygen-com | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 77 | 15 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| update-plus | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| frost-sequence-camera-orbit | heygen-com | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 99 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
| meta-ads | hoodini | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| base-trader | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 0 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| hugging-face-tool-builder | huggingface | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 65 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
| autoskill | K-Dense-AI | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| finetuning | microsoft | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| simmer | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 33 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| capability-evolver | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 41 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| scientific-slides | K-Dense-AI | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| citation-management | K-Dense-AI | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| code-slice-hero | heygen-com | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 50 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| x402 | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 30 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| foundry | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 33 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| infographics | K-Dense-AI | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| latex-posters | K-Dense-AI | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| literature-review | K-Dense-AI | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| telegram-pairing-customization | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 7 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| ABM Outbound | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 9 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| browser-agent | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 22 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| bybit-trading | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 77 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| clawhub | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 61 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| excel | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 22 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| glass-shard-title | heygen-com | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 61 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| omni-stories | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 72 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| openwork | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 21 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| phone-agent | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 69 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| whisper | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 5 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| cryptocurrency-trader | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 90 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| job-auto-apply | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 33 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 22 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| mersal | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 37 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| moltbook | moltbook.com | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 40 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| polymarket | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| scientific-schematics | K-Dense-AI | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| sendclaw | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| solana | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| taskmaster | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 34 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| yahoo-finance | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 22 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| youtube-watcher | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 40 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| ci-gen | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 12 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| ethereum-gas-tracker | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 33 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| hyperliquid | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 43 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| lightning | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 57 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| api-docs-gen | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 50 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| clickup | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 53 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| crypto-wallet | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 20 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| finance-news | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 33 | 0 | 25 | 6 | 2 |
| agent-browser | 101-skills | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 49 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
| agent-browser | magentosh | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 49 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
| agent-browser | qu-skills | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 49 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
| caveman-compress | juliusbrussee | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| browser-use | skills.sh | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 12 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| clawflows | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| compound-engineering | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 33 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| gitclaw | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 100 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| linear-autopilot | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 25 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| openclaw-optimizer | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 50 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| tokenguard | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 25 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| voice-agent | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 55 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| MoltMedia | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| claude-chrome | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 12 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| clawmail | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 71 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| ctxly | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 26 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| firebase-apk-scanner | trailofbits | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 48 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| notebooklm | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 51 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| slack | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 11 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| activecampaign | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| alby-bitcoin-payments-cli-skill | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 12 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| azure-mgmt-fabric-py | microsoft | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| codemod-gen | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 12 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| defi | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 10 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| error-handler-gen | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 35 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| obsidian-sync | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 43 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| openclaw-checkpoint | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Do not install 76 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| telegram-auto-topic | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 26 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| web-design-guidelines | skills.sh | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Agent Wallet | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| clawops | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| memory-hygiene | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 33 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| payment | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Safe 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| x-api | clawhub.ai | ISSUES FOUND | Caution 47 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| hugging-face-evaluation | huggingface | SAFE | Do not install 100 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 4 |
| hugging-face-paper-publisher | huggingface | SAFE | Caution 50 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 4 |
| hugging-face-model-trainer | huggingface | SAFE | Do not install 100 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| ontology-term-resolution | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 36 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| browse | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Do not install 77 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
| cuboid-carousel | heygen-com | SAFE | Do not install 61 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| dev-browser | sawyerhood | SAFE | Do not install 100 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
| orbit-card | heygen-com | SAFE | Do not install 63 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| paper-lookup | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Do not install 100 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
| vestaboard | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Do not install 53 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| pathogen-variant-surveillance | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 24 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| ClawGateSecure | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| health-tracker | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| ncats-arax | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Do not install 52 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| subagent-driven-development | skills.sh | SAFE | Caution 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| glycoengineering | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 47 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| stripe-best-practices | stripe | SAFE | Safe 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| MockAPI - Instant REST API from JSON | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| aks-troubleshooting | microsoft | SAFE | Do not install 88 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| atxp | skills.sh | SAFE | Caution 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| azure-upgrade | microsoft | SAFE | Do not install 100 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| diff-summary | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| gcloud | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 35 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| generate-image | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Do not install 76 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| lighthouse-fixer | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 50 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| mcps | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| protocolsio-integration | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Do not install 100 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| reposit | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| stealth-browser | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 32 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| agent-money-tracker | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| ai-pdf-builder | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| antigravity-image-gen | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 29 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| aws-cdk-development | zxkane | SAFE | Caution 37 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| aws-infra | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 47 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| azure-diagnostics | microsoft | SAFE | Do not install 74 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| clawbridge | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Do not install 51 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| clawbrowser | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| codex | skills.sh | SAFE | Do not install 90 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| context-manager | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 44 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| deploy-model | microsoft | SAFE | Caution 28 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| doc-coauthoring | anthropic | SAFE | Caution 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| foundry-iq | microsoft | SAFE | Do not install 100 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| gemini | skills.sh | SAFE | Do not install 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| gold_price_mcp | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| landing-gen | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| launch-strategy | skills.sh | SAFE | Caution 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| moltbot-ha | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 44 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| multi-llm | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 47 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| openpet | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| ralph-loop | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| stock-evaluator-v3 | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| ui-test | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Do not install 51 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Meta Tags - SEO Tag Generator | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| notion | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Caution 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| playwright-skill | lackeyjb | SAFE | Do not install 70 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| shorten | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| azure-storage-blob-java | microsoft | SAFE | Caution 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| sora-2-nature-documentary | clawhub.ai | SAFE | Safe 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| timesfm-forecasting | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Do not install 73 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| wizard | mattpocock | SAFE | Caution 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| alphagenome | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| genomic-coordinates | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| gget | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| iso-standards-readiness | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| liteparse | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| pptx-posters | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| tellurium | K-Dense-AI | SAFE | Caution 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |