Unauthorized Tool Use

212 findings 157 skills affected OWASP AST03: Over-Privileged Skillsalso AST01

The skill directs the agent to use tools, files, network access, or permissions beyond what its stated purpose requires, such as a formatting skill that reads SSH keys or a documentation skill that opens network connections.

By severity

  • HIGH 37
  • MEDIUM 106
  • LOW 59

How it shows up in a skill

Real findings from the corpus. Each links to the skill's full report.

zoho-email clawhub.ai

HIGH Unrestricted Tool Usage - Missing allowed-tools Declaration Unauthorized Tool Usellm

The skill does not declare 'allowed-tools' in its YAML manifest, meaning it can use any agent tool without restriction. The skill executes Python scripts that perform network operations, file I/O, and email operations. Users cannot verify what tools the skill will use before installation.

SKILL.md

YAML manifest shows: allowed-tools: Not specified. Python scripts perform network requests, file operations, and execute external commands.
Remediation: Add 'allowed-tools: [Python, Bash, Read, Write]' to YAML manifest to explicitly declare tool requirements. This allows users to make informed decisions about granting permissions.

update-plus clawhub.ai

HIGH SYSTEM MANIPULATION detected by YARA Unauthorized Tool Usestatic

Detects system manipulation, privilege escalation, and destructive file operations: find "${BACKUP_DIR}" -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete

bin/lib/cron.sh:76

find "${BACKUP_DIR}" -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete 2>/dev/null
Remediation: Review and remove system manipulation pattern

base-trader clawhub.ai

HIGH External Tool Dependency Without Verification Unauthorized Tool Usellm

The skill depends entirely on an external 'bankr' tool located at ~/clawd/skills/bankr/scripts/bankr.sh with no verification of its integrity, authenticity, or behavior. All trading commands are passed directly to this external script, creating a tool poisoning risk where a compromised or malicious bankr tool could execute arbitrary actions.

scripts/check-portfolio.sh

BANKR_SCRIPT="$HOME/clawd/skills/bankr/scripts/bankr.sh"
if [ ! -f "$BANKR_SCRIPT" ]; then
Remediation: Implement cryptographic verification of the bankr tool (signature checking, hash validation). Add version pinning and integrity checks. Provide clear warnings about the external dependency and its security implications. Consider sandboxing or limiting the bankr tool's capabilities.

capability-evolver clawhub.ai

HIGH Tool Exploitation: Unauthorized Self-Modification and Memory Manipulation Unauthorized Tool Usellm

The skill is designed to 'autonomously write new code or update their own memory to improve performance' and 'scans memory and history files.' This represents tool exploitation where the skill manipulates the agent's core functionality, memory systems, and potentially other skills without proper authorization boundaries. The skill can modify its own behavior and that of other system components.

SKILL.md

'allows OpenClaw agents to inspect their own runtime history, identify failures or inefficiencies, and autonomously write new code or update their own memory' 'Auto-Log Analysis: Automatically scans memory and history files' 'Self-Repair: Detects crashes and suggests patches'
Remediation: Restrict the skill to read-only analysis of logs and history. Remove all capabilities to modify code, memory, or system files. Any suggested changes should be presented to the user for manual implementation. Implement strict sandboxing to prevent access to core agent files.

How to check your own skill for this

Compare the frontmatter description against the actions in the body. Every tool, path, and network destination should be explainable by the description.

Affected skills

Name Registry Verdict SkillSpector Findings Critical High Medium Low
media-use heygen-com ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 116 52 0 22 22
zoho-email clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 53 18 3 32 0
design-taste-frontend leonxlnx ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 39 30 0 5 3
microsoft-foundry microsoft ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 29 5 7 16 1
qa-test-planner skills.sh ISSUES FOUND Do not install 57 22 14 0 5 3
hyperframes heygen-com ISSUES FOUND Do not install 77 15 9 0 2 3
update-plus clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 15 5 3 4 3
frost-sequence-camera-orbit heygen-com ISSUES FOUND Do not install 99 13 3 0 4 5
meta-ads hoodini ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 13 5 0 7 0
base-trader clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 0 12 1 4 4 3
hugging-face-tool-builder huggingface ISSUES FOUND Do not install 65 12 5 0 5 2
autoskill K-Dense-AI ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 11 5 1 3 2
finetuning microsoft ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 11 5 0 6 0
simmer clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 33 10 2 2 3 3
capability-evolver clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 41 9 2 3 2 2
scientific-slides K-Dense-AI ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 9 4 0 4 1
citation-management K-Dense-AI ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 8 5 0 2 1
code-slice-hero heygen-com ISSUES FOUND Caution 50 8 6 0 0 1
x402 clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 30 8 1 2 3 2
foundry clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 33 7 2 3 2 0
infographics K-Dense-AI ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 7 3 0 3 0
latex-posters K-Dense-AI ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 7 3 0 3 0
literature-review K-Dense-AI ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 7 3 0 2 2
telegram-pairing-customization clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 7 7 1 2 2 2
ABM Outbound clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 9 6 2 2 2 0
browser-agent clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 22 6 2 2 2 0
bybit-trading clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 77 6 3 2 1 0
clawhub clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 61 6 2 2 2 0
excel clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 22 6 2 2 2 0
glass-shard-title heygen-com ISSUES FOUND Do not install 61 6 1 0 2 1
omni-stories clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 72 6 1 3 2 0
openwork clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 21 6 1 3 2 0
phone-agent clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 69 6 1 2 2 1
whisper clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 5 6 2 3 1 0
cryptocurrency-trader clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 90 5 1 3 1 0
job-auto-apply clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 33 5 2 2 1 0
linkedin clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 22 5 2 2 1 0
mersal clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 37 5 2 3 0 0
moltbook moltbook.com ISSUES FOUND Caution 40 5 2 2 1 0
polymarket clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 0 5 2 1 2 0
scientific-schematics K-Dense-AI ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 5 3 0 2 0
sendclaw clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 0 5 1 2 2 0
solana clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 9 5 2 2 1 0
taskmaster clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 34 5 2 3 0 0
yahoo-finance clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 22 5 2 2 1 0
youtube-watcher clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 40 5 2 2 1 0
ci-gen clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 12 4 1 2 1 0
ethereum-gas-tracker clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 33 4 2 2 0 0
hyperliquid clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 43 4 1 2 1 0
lightning clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 57 4 2 2 0 0
api-docs-gen clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 50 3 1 1 1 0
clickup clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 53 3 1 2 0 0
crypto-wallet clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 20 3 1 2 0 0
finance-news clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 33 0 25 6 2
agent-browser 101-skills ISSUES FOUND Caution 49 10 0 1 7 1
agent-browser magentosh ISSUES FOUND Caution 49 10 0 1 7 1
agent-browser qu-skills ISSUES FOUND Caution 49 10 0 1 7 1
caveman-compress juliusbrussee ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 7 0 2 4 0
browser-use skills.sh ISSUES FOUND Caution 12 5 0 2 3 0
clawflows clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 0 5 0 2 3 0
compound-engineering clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 33 5 0 2 3 0
gitclaw clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 100 5 0 2 3 0
linear-autopilot clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 25 5 0 2 2 1
openclaw-optimizer clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 50 5 0 2 3 0
tokenguard clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 25 5 0 1 3 1
voice-agent clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 55 5 0 1 4 0
MoltMedia clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 0 4 0 2 2 0
claude-chrome clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 12 4 0 2 2 0
clawmail clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 71 4 0 1 3 0
ctxly clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 26 4 0 1 3 0
firebase-apk-scanner trailofbits ISSUES FOUND Caution 48 4 0 3 1 0
notebooklm clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 51 4 0 3 1 0
slack clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 11 4 0 2 2 0
activecampaign clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 9 3 0 1 2 0
alby-bitcoin-payments-cli-skill clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 12 3 0 1 2 0
azure-mgmt-fabric-py microsoft ISSUES FOUND Caution 0 3 0 1 2 0
codemod-gen clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 12 3 0 2 1 0
defi clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 10 3 0 1 2 0
error-handler-gen clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 35 3 0 1 2 0
obsidian-sync clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 43 3 0 2 1 0
openclaw-checkpoint clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Do not install 76 3 0 2 1 0
telegram-auto-topic clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 26 3 0 1 2 0
web-design-guidelines skills.sh ISSUES FOUND Caution 0 3 0 1 2 0
Agent Wallet clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 6 2 0 1 1 0
clawops clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 0 2 0 2 0 0
memory-hygiene clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 33 2 0 1 1 0
payment clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Safe 0 2 0 1 1 0
x-api clawhub.ai ISSUES FOUND Caution 47 2 0 1 1 0
hugging-face-evaluation huggingface SAFE Do not install 100 96 0 0 92 4
hugging-face-paper-publisher huggingface SAFE Caution 50 54 0 0 50 4
hugging-face-model-trainer huggingface SAFE Do not install 100 14 0 0 14 0
ontology-term-resolution K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 36 8 0 0 7 1
browse clawhub.ai SAFE Do not install 77 7 0 0 4 3
cuboid-carousel heygen-com SAFE Do not install 61 7 0 0 4 2
dev-browser sawyerhood SAFE Do not install 100 7 0 0 4 3
orbit-card heygen-com SAFE Do not install 63 7 0 0 4 2
paper-lookup K-Dense-AI SAFE Do not install 100 7 0 0 4 3
vestaboard clawhub.ai SAFE Do not install 53 7 0 0 2 5
pathogen-variant-surveillance K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 24 6 0 0 5 1
ClawGateSecure clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 6 5 0 0 4 1
health-tracker clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 2 5 0 0 1 4
ncats-arax K-Dense-AI SAFE Do not install 52 5 0 0 5 0
subagent-driven-development skills.sh SAFE Caution 0 5 0 0 2 3
glycoengineering K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 47 4 0 0 3 1
stripe-best-practices stripe SAFE Safe 0 4 0 0 1 3
MockAPI - Instant REST API from JSON clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 12 3 0 0 2 1
aks-troubleshooting microsoft SAFE Do not install 88 3 0 0 1 2
atxp skills.sh SAFE Caution 12 3 0 0 3 0
azure-upgrade microsoft SAFE Do not install 100 3 0 0 3 0
diff-summary clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 12 3 0 0 3 0
gcloud clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 35 3 0 0 3 0
generate-image K-Dense-AI SAFE Do not install 76 3 0 0 3 0
lighthouse-fixer clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 50 3 0 0 3 0
mcps clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 12 3 0 0 3 0
protocolsio-integration K-Dense-AI SAFE Do not install 100 3 0 0 2 1
reposit clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 11 3 0 0 3 0
stealth-browser clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 32 3 0 0 3 0
agent-money-tracker clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 0 2 0 0 2 0
ai-pdf-builder clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 22 2 0 0 2 0
antigravity-image-gen clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 29 2 0 0 2 0
aws-cdk-development zxkane SAFE Caution 37 2 0 0 1 1
aws-infra clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 47 2 0 0 2 0
azure-diagnostics microsoft SAFE Do not install 74 2 0 0 2 0
clawbridge clawhub.ai SAFE Do not install 51 2 0 0 2 0
clawbrowser clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 0 2 0 0 2 0
codex skills.sh SAFE Do not install 90 2 0 0 2 0
context-manager clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 44 2 0 0 2 0
deploy-model microsoft SAFE Caution 28 2 0 0 1 1
doc-coauthoring anthropic SAFE Caution 0 2 0 0 2 0
email clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 0 2 0 0 2 0
foundry-iq microsoft SAFE Do not install 100 2 0 0 1 1
gemini skills.sh SAFE Do not install 54 2 0 0 2 0
gold_price_mcp clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 18 2 0 0 2 0
instagram clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 0 2 0 0 2 0
landing-gen clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 12 2 0 0 2 0
launch-strategy skills.sh SAFE Caution 0 2 0 0 2 0
moltbot-ha clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 44 2 0 0 2 0
multi-llm clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 47 2 0 0 1 1
openpet clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 0 2 0 0 2 0
ralph-loop clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 16 2 0 0 2 0
stock-evaluator-v3 clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 8 2 0 0 2 0
ui-test clawhub.ai SAFE Do not install 51 2 0 0 1 1
Meta Tags - SEO Tag Generator clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 7 1 0 0 1 0
notion clawhub.ai SAFE Caution 31 1 0 0 1 0
playwright-skill lackeyjb SAFE Do not install 70 1 0 0 1 0
shorten clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 7 1 0 0 1 0
azure-storage-blob-java microsoft SAFE Caution 0 5 0 0 0 5
sora-2-nature-documentary clawhub.ai SAFE Safe 0 4 0 0 0 4
timesfm-forecasting K-Dense-AI SAFE Do not install 73 2 0 0 0 2
wizard mattpocock SAFE Caution 26 2 0 0 0 1
alphagenome K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 39 1 0 0 0 1
genomic-coordinates K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 24 1 0 0 0 1
gget K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 5 1 0 0 0 1
iso-standards-readiness K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 24 1 0 0 0 1
liteparse K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 7 1 0 0 0 1
pptx-posters K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 7 1 0 0 0 1
tellurium K-Dense-AI SAFE Caution 7 1 0 0 0 1